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Hermann Wilhelm Göring war ein führender deutscher nationalsozialistischer Politiker. Ab Mai war er Oberbefehlshaber der Luftwaffe. Ab / übernahm er die Führung der deutschen Wirtschaft und das Reichswirtschaftsministerium. Hermann Wilhelm Göring (* Januar in Rosenheim; † Oktober in Nürnberg) war ein führender deutscher nationalsozialistischer Politiker. NS-Politiker. Januar: Hermann Göring wird als Sohn des Juristen und hochrangigen Kolonialbeamten Heinrich Göring und dessen Ehefrau Franziska. Hermann Göring im Dritten Reich, München ; Gerhard Stoltenberg, Göring, in: NDB 6, , S. ; Hermann Weiß (Hg.), Biographisches Lexikon zum. Hermann Göring. deutscher Politiker (NSDAP), MdR, Reichsmarschall (), Kriegsverbrecher. Sprache · Beobachten · Bearbeiten. Hermann Göring. Hermann Göring - der Brutale | Hermann Göring kommt innerhalb der NSDAP gleich an zweiter Stelle nach Hitler. Nach außen hin wirkt er lebensfroh. Dahinter. Göring, Hermann Wilhelm. nationalsozialistischer Politiker, Oberbefehlshaber der Luftwaffe, * Rosenheim (Oberbayern), † Nürnberg.
The next year his mother had a falling-out with Epenstein. The family was forced to leave Veldenstein and moved to Munich ; Göring's father died shortly afterwards.
He was hospitalized with rheumatism , a result of the damp of trench warfare. While he was recovering, his friend Bruno Loerzer convinced him to transfer to what would become, by October , the Luftstreitkräfte "air combat forces" of the German army, but his request was turned down.
He was discovered and sentenced to three weeks' confinement to barracks, but the sentence was never carried out. By the time it was supposed to be imposed, Göring's association with Loerzer had been made official.
They flew reconnaissance and bombing missions, for which the Crown Prince invested both Göring and Loerzer with the Iron Cross , first class.
After completing the pilot's training course, Göring was assigned to Jagdstaffel 5. Seriously wounded in the hip in aerial combat, he took nearly a year to recover.
He then was transferred to Jagdstaffel 26 , commanded by Loerzer, in February He steadily scored air victories until May, when he was assigned to command Jagdstaffel Serving with Jastas 5, 26, and 27, he continued to win victories.
Three were possible and 17 were certain, or highly likely. In the last days of the war, Göring was repeatedly ordered to withdraw his squadron, first to Tellancourt airdrome, then to Darmstadt.
At one point, he was ordered to surrender the aircraft to the Allies; he refused. Many of his pilots intentionally crash-landed their planes to keep them from falling into enemy hands.
Like many other German veterans, Göring was a proponent of the Stab-in-the-back legend , the belief which held that the German Army had not really lost the war, but instead was betrayed by the civilian leadership: Marxists, Jews, and especially the Republicans , who had overthrown the German monarchy.
Göring remained in aviation after the war. He tried barnstorming and briefly worked at Fokker. After spending most of living in Denmark , he moved to Sweden and joined Svensk Lufttrafik , a Swedish airline.
Göring was often hired for private flights. During the winter of —, he was hired by Count Eric von Rosen to fly him to his castle from Stockholm.
Invited to spend the night, Göring may at this time have first seen the swastika emblem, which Rosen had set in the chimney piece as a family badge.
Estranged from her husband of ten years, she had an eight-year-old son. Göring was immediately infatuated and asked her to meet him in Stockholm.
They arranged a visit at the home of her parents and spent much time together through , when Göring left for Munich to take political science at the university.
Carin obtained a divorce, followed Göring to Munich, and married him on 3 February Göring joined the Nazi Party in after hearing a speech by Hitler.
I liked him. I made him the head of my SA. He is the only one of its heads that ran the SA properly.
I gave him a dishevelled rabble. In a very short time he had organised a division of 11, men. Hitler and the Nazi Party held mass meetings and rallies in Munich and elsewhere during the early s, attempting to gain supporters in a bid for political power.
Göring, who was with Hitler leading the march to the War Ministry, was shot in the groin. He remained in hospital until 24 December.
The Görings—acutely short of funds and reliant on the good will of Nazi sympathizers abroad—moved from Austria to Venice. In May they visited Rome, via Florence and Siena.
Göring met Mussolini, who expressed an interest in meeting Hitler, who was by then in prison. Personal problems continued to multiply.
By , Carin's mother was ill. Göring had become a violent morphine addict; Carin's family were shocked by his deterioration. Carin, who was ill with epilepsy and a weak heart, had to allow the doctors to take charge of Göring; her son was taken by his father.
He returned to Germany when an amnesty was declared in and resumed working in the aircraft industry. Meanwhile, the Nazi Party was in a period of rebuilding and waiting.
The economy had recovered, which meant fewer opportunities for the Nazis to agitate. Membership in the party increased from 27, in to , in and , in In the May elections the Nazi Party only obtained 12 seats out of an available in the Reichstag.
In the July election , the Nazis won seats to become far and away the largest party in the Reichstag. By longstanding tradition, the Nazis were thus entitled to select the President of the Reichstag , and elected Göring to the post.
The Reichstag fire occurred on the night of 27 February Göring was one of the first to arrive on the scene.
Marinus van der Lubbe —a Communist radical—was arrested and claimed sole responsibility for the fire. Göring immediately called for a crackdown on Communists.
The Nazis took advantage of the fire to advance their own political aims. The Reichstag Fire Decree , passed the next day on Hitler's urging, suspended basic rights and allowed detention without trial.
Activities of the German Communist Party were suppressed, and some 4, Party members were arrested. Shirer and Alan Bullock , are of the opinion that the Nazi Party itself was responsible for starting the fire.
At the Nuremberg trials , General Franz Halder testified that Göring admitted responsibility for starting the fire.
He said that, at a luncheon held on Hitler's birthday in , Göring said, "The only one who really knows about the Reichstag is I, because I set it on fire!
During the early s, Göring was often in the company of Emmy Sonnemann , an actress from Hamburg. A large reception was held the night before at the Berlin Opera House.
Fighter aircraft flew overhead on the night of the reception and the day of the ceremony, [54] at which Hitler was best man.
When Hitler was named chancellor of Germany in January , Göring was appointed as minister without portfolio , Minister of the Interior for Prussia, and Reich Commissioner of Aviation.
Frick and head of the Schutzstaffel SS Heinrich Himmler hoped to create a unified police force for all of Germany, but Göring on 30 November established a Prussian police force, with Rudolf Diels at its head.
The force was called the Geheime Staatspolizei , or Gestapo. Göring, thinking that Diels was not ruthless enough to use the Gestapo effectively to counteract the power of the SA, handed over control of the Gestapo to Himmler on 20 April Hitler was deeply concerned that Ernst Röhm , the chief of the SA, was planning a coup.
Enraged, Hitler ordered the arrest of the SA leadership. Röhm was shot dead in his cell when he refused to commit suicide; Göring personally went over the lists of detainees—numbering in the thousands—and determined who else should be shot.
At least 85 people were killed in the period of 30 June to 2 July, which is now known as the Night of the Long Knives.
A retroactive law was passed making the action legal. Any criticism was met with arrests. One of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles , which had been in place since the end of World War I, stated that Germany was not allowed to maintain an air force.
After the signing of the Kellogg—Briand Pact , police aircraft were permitted. Göring was appointed Air Traffic Minister in May Germany began to accumulate aircraft in violation of the Treaty, and in the existence of the Luftwaffe was formally acknowledged, [63] with Göring as Reich Aviation Minister.
During a cabinet meeting in September , Göring and Hitler announced that the German rearmament programme must be sped up. Göring created a new organisation to administer the Plan and drew the ministries of labour and agriculture under its umbrella.
He bypassed the economics ministry in his policy-making decisions, to the chagrin of Hjalmar Schacht , the minister in charge.
Huge expenditures were made on rearmament, in spite of growing deficits. In this way, both of these institutions were brought under Göring's control under the auspices of the Four Year Plan.
Göring had acted as witness at Blomberg's wedding to Margarethe Gruhn, a year-old typist, on 12 January Information received from the police showed that the young bride was a prostitute.
Blomberg was forced to resign. Göring did not want Fritsch to be appointed to that position and thus be his superior. Several days later, Heydrich revealed a file on Fritsch that contained allegations of homosexual activity and blackmail.
The charges were later proven to be false, but Fritsch had lost Hitler's trust and was forced to resign. Göring asked for the post of War Minister, but was turned down; he was appointed to the rank of Generalfeldmarschall.
Hitler took over as supreme commander of the armed forces and created subordinate posts to head the three main branches of service.
As minister in charge of the Four Year Plan, Göring became concerned with the lack of natural resources in Germany, and began pushing for Austria to be incorporated into the Reich.
The province of Styria had rich iron ore deposits, and the country as a whole was home to many skilled labourers that would also be useful.
Hitler had always been in favour of a takeover of Austria, his native country. He met the Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg on 12 February , threatening invasion if peaceful unification was not forthcoming.
The Nazi Party was made legal in Austria to gain a power base, and a referendum on reunification was scheduled for March.
When Hitler did not approve of the wording of the plebiscite, Göring telephoned Schuschnigg and Austrian head of state Wilhelm Miklas to demand Schuschnigg's resignation, threatening invasion by German troops and civil unrest by the Austrian Nazi Party members.
Schuschnigg resigned on 11 March and the plebiscite was cancelled. By the next morning, German troops that had been massing on the border marched into Austria, meeting no resistance.
Although Joachim von Ribbentrop had been named Foreign Minister in February , Göring continued to involve himself in foreign affairs.
Neville Chamberlain was in favour of a meeting, and there was talk of a pact being signed between Britain and Germany. In February , Göring visited Warsaw to quell rumours about the upcoming invasion of Poland.
He had conversations with the Hungarian government that summer as well, discussing their potential role in an invasion of Czechoslovakia.
At the Nuremberg Rally that September, Göring and other speakers denounced the Czechs as an inferior race that must be conquered.
Although many in the party disliked him, [76] before the war Göring enjoyed widespread personal popularity among the German public because of his perceived sociability, colour and humour.
The Nazi press was on Göring's side. Other leaders, such as Hess and Ribbentrop, were envious of his popularity. Göring and other senior officers were concerned that Germany was not yet ready for war, but Hitler insisted on pushing ahead as soon as possible.
With the help of the Luftwaffe, the Polish Air Force was defeated within a week. As a result of this promotion, he was the highest-ranking soldier in Germany until the end of the war.
The UK had declared war on Germany immediately after the invasion of Poland. In July , Hitler began preparations for an invasion of Britain.
Bombing raids commenced on British air installations and on cities and centres of industry. The campaign failed, and Sea Lion was postponed indefinitely on 17 September On 12 October Hitler cancelled Sea Lion due to the onset of winter.
Initially the Luftwaffe was at an advantage, destroying thousands of Soviet aircraft in the first month of fighting.
The choice was made to concentrate the attack on only one part of the vast front; efforts would be directed at capturing Moscow.
Hitler did not give permission for even a partial retreat until mid-January ; by this time the losses were comparable to those of the French invasion of Russia in Hitler decided that the summer campaign would be concentrated in the south; efforts would be made to capture the oilfields in the Caucasus.
When the Sixth Army was surrounded by the end of November in Operation Uranus , Göring promised that the Luftwaffe would be able to deliver a minimum of tons of supplies to the trapped men every day.
On the basis of these assurances, Hitler demanded that there be no retreat; they were to fight to the last man. Though some airlifts were able to get through, the amount of supplies delivered never exceeded tons per day.
Meanwhile, the strength of the US and British bomber fleets had increased. Based in Britain, they began operations against German targets.
The first thousand-bomber raid was staged on Cologne on 30 May Göring refused to believe reports that American fighters had been shot down as far east as Aachen in winter His reputation began to decline.
From that point onwards, the Luftwaffe began to suffer casualties in aircrews it could not sufficiently replace. By targeting oil refineries and rail communications, Allied bombers crippled the German war effort by late As the Soviets approached Berlin, Hitler's efforts to organise the defence of the city became ever more meaningless and futile.
By this time, Göring's hunting lodge Carinhall had been evacuated, the building destroyed, [] and its art treasures moved to Berchtesgaden and elsewhere.
Sensing its implications, Koller immediately flew to Berchtesgaden to notify Göring of this development. A week after the start of the Soviet invasion, Hitler had issued a decree naming Göring his successor in the event of his death, thus codifying the declaration he had made soon after the beginning of the war.
The decree also gave Göring full authority to act as Hitler's deputy if Hitler ever lost his freedom of action.
Göring feared being branded a traitor if he tried to take power, but also feared being accused of dereliction of duty if he did nothing.
After some hesitation, Göring reviewed his copy of the decree naming him Hitler's successor. After conferring with Koller and Hans Lammers the state secretary of the Reich Chancellery , Göring concluded that by remaining in Berlin to face certain death, Hitler had incapacitated himself from governing.
All agreed that under the terms of the decree, it was incumbent upon Göring to take power in Hitler's stead.
With this in mind, Göring sent a carefully worded telegram asking Hitler for permission to take over as the leader of Germany, stressing that he would be acting as Hitler's deputy.
He added that, if Hitler did not reply by that night 23 April , he would assume that Hitler had indeed lost his freedom of action, and would assume leadership of the Reich.
The telegram was intercepted by Bormann, who convinced Hitler that Göring was a traitor. Bormann argued that Göring's telegram was not a request for permission to act as Hitler's deputy, but a demand to resign or be overthrown.
Göring duly resigned. Afterwards, Hitler or Bormann, depending on the source ordered the SS to place Göring, his staff, and Lammers under house arrest at Obersalzberg.
By 26 April, the complex at Obersalzberg was under attack by the Allies, so Göring was moved to his castle at Mauterndorf. In his last will and testament , Hitler expelled Göring from the party, formally rescinded the decree making him his successor, and upbraided Göring for "illegally attempting to seize control of the state.
Hitler and his wife, Eva Braun , committed suicide on 30 April , a few hours after a hastily arranged wedding. Göring was freed on 5 May by a passing Luftwaffe unit, and he made his way to the US lines in hopes of surrendering to them rather than to the Soviets.
His IQ was tested while in custody and found to be The prosecution levelled an indictment of four charges, including a charge of conspiracy; waging a war of aggression; war crimes, including the plundering and removal to Germany of works of art and other property ; and crimes against humanity, including the disappearance of political and other opponents under the Nacht und Nebel Night and Fog decree; the torture and ill-treatment of prisoners of war; and the murder and enslavement of civilians, including what was at the time estimated to be 5,, Jews.
Not permitted to present a lengthy statement, Göring declared himself to be "in the sense of the indictment not guilty". The trial lasted days; the prosecution presented their case from November through March, and Göring's defence—the first to be presented—lasted from 8 to 22 March.
The sentences were read out on 30 September He constantly took notes and whispered with the other defendants, and tried to control the erratic behaviour of Hess , who was seated beside him.
On several occasions over the course of the trial, the prosecution showed films of the concentration camps and other atrocities.
Everyone present, including Göring, found the contents of the films shocking; he said that the films must have been faked.
Milch stated it had been impossible to oppose Hitler or disobey his orders; to do so would likely have meant death for oneself and one's family.
He gave evasive, convoluted answers to direct questions and had plausible excuses for all his actions during the war. He used the witness stand as a venue to expound at great length on his own role in the Reich, attempting to present himself as a peacemaker and diplomat before the outbreak of the war.
Jackson read out the minutes of a meeting that had been held shortly after Kristallnacht , a major pogrom in November At the meeting, Göring had plotted to confiscate Jewish property in the wake of the pogrom.
Göring was found guilty on all four counts and was sentenced to death by hanging. The judgment stated:. There is nothing to be said in mitigation.
For Göring was often, indeed almost always, the moving force, second only to his leader. He was the leading war aggressor, both as political and as military leader; he was the director of the slave labour programme and the creator of the oppressive programme against the Jews and other races, at home and abroad.
All of these crimes he has frankly admitted. On some specific cases there may be conflict of testimony, but in terms of the broad outline, his own admissions are more than sufficiently wide to be conclusive of his guilt.
His guilt is unique in its enormity. The record discloses no excuses for this man. Göring made an appeal asking to be shot as a soldier instead of hanged as a common criminal, but the court refused.
Wheelis, who was stationed at the Nuremberg Trials, retrieved the capsules from their hiding place among Göring's personal effects that had been confiscated by the Army and handed them over to the prisoner, [] after being bribed by Göring, who gave him his gold watch, pen, and cigarette case.
Stivers later said that he did not know what was in the pill until after Göring's suicide. Göring's body, as with those of the men who were executed, was displayed at the execution ground for the witnesses of the executions.
The bodies were cremated at Ostfriedhof , Munich, and the ashes were scattered in the Isar River. Göring's name is closely associated with the Nazi plunder of Jewish property.
The confiscation of Jewish property gave Göring the opportunity to amass a personal fortune. Some properties he seized himself or acquired for a nominal price.
In other cases, he collected bribes for allowing others to steal Jewish property. He took kickbacks from industrialists for favourable decisions as Four Year Plan director, and money for supplying arms to the Spanish Republicans in the Spanish Civil War via Pyrkal in Greece although Germany was supporting Franco and the Nationalists.
He instituted reforms to the forestry laws and acted to protect endangered species. There he built an elaborate hunting lodge, Carinhall, in memory of his first wife, Carin.
By , her body had been transported to the site and placed in a vault on the estate. Some 26, railroad cars full of art treasures, furniture, and other looted items were sent to Germany from France alone.
Göring repeatedly visited the Paris headquarters to review the incoming stolen goods and to select items to be sent on a special train to Carinhall and his other homes.
Göring was known for his extravagant tastes and garish clothing. He had various special uniforms made for the many posts he held; [] his Reichsmarschall uniform included a jewel-encrusted baton.
Hans-Ulrich Rudel , the top Stuka pilot of the war, recalled twice meeting Göring dressed in outlandish costumes: first, a medieval hunting costume, practicing archery with his doctor; and second, dressed in a red toga fastened with a golden clasp, smoking an unusually large pipe.
Italian Foreign Minister Galeazzo Ciano once noted Göring wearing a fur coat that looked like what "a high grade prostitute wears to the opera.
Göring was noted for his patronage of music, especially opera. He entertained frequently and sumptuously, and hosted elaborate birthday parties for himself.
For his birthday in , Speer gave Göring an oversize marble bust of Hitler. Generalfeldmarschall Erhard Milch told Speer that similar donations were required out of the Air Ministry's general fund.
The award reduced him to tears. The design of the Reichsmarschall standard, on a light blue field, featured a gold German eagle grasping a wreath surmounted by two batons overlaid with a swastika.
The flag was carried by a personal standard-bearer at all public occasions. Though he liked to be called " der Eiserne " the Iron Man , the once dashing and muscular fighter pilot had become corpulent.
He was one of the few Nazi leaders who did not take offence at hearing jokes about himself, "no matter how rude", taking them as a sign of popularity.
Germans joked about his ego, saying that he would wear an admiral's uniform with rubber medals to take a bath, and his obesity, joking that "he sits down on his stomach".
Pope unfrocked. Tiara and pontifical vestments are a perfect fit. Joseph Goebbels and Heinrich Himmler were far more antisemitic than Göring, who mainly adopted that attitude because party politics required him to do so.
The Reichswerke's activities in Austria demonstrated that Göring regarded captured assets as state property and was not willing to share the fortunes with private German businesses — on the contrary, the Reichswerke absorbed Austrian assets that were already owned by German investors and completely eliminated the barons of Ruhr from Austrian industry.
Immediately after the Anschluss, Göring advised VS to speed up mining its Austrian ores, and again the private business refused for fear of overproduction.
Relationships between the state and steel barons continued to deteriorate, and Göring used the same pattern of intimidation to extort other Austrian and later Czech assets from their past owners.
After the outbreak of World War II the Reichswerke abandoned peacetime formalities and simply took over all "German" assets it found attractive.
It declared itself "a trustee for the German state" for the duration of the war, a white knight saving occupied countries from " colonialism " of big business.
The Soviet coal and steel industry captured in — became the Reichswerke's most challenging task. Hitler tasked the Reichswerke with harvesting the abandoned plants as soon as possible.
Romanian assets, almost all of the country's coal and steel capacity, were acquired through a series of friendly arrangements and placed under joint German-Romanian control.
In , the Romanian shipyard signed an agreement for "assistance in technical matters" with the Reichswerke. The shipyard's capital increased eleven-fold, from 50 to million lei.
By the end of the Reichswerke became the largest company in Europe. A fourth division was added later for captured Soviet assets — Kryvbas and Donets Basin plants and mines in Ukraine , with lesser interests in Belarus , Latvia and central Russia.
The company amassed too many plants to run them effectively. Instead of pinpointing the most promising assets, it spread the available resources over everything it had.
Inability to control the huge conglomerate became evident in , and Pleiger persuaded Göring to limit the Reichswerke to coal, iron, and steel production.
The Reichswerke passed control over its weapons and munitions plants to Organisation Todt and its successor, Ministry of Armaments.
The Reichswerke assets in allied-occupied Austria were nationalized by the First Nationalization Law enacted by the Austrian Parliament on July 26, Army generals, who called for privatization.
Army, became a pilot model for the private modernization advocated by Mark W. The Salzgitter furnaces were shut down and earmarked for dismantling, devastating the town's economy.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A Nazi-controlled armaments conglomerate that was one of the largest companies in the world during WW2.
Nazi Germany. Further information: Economy of Nazi Germany. Ministry of Economic Warfare, , p. Categories : Economy of Nazi Germany Conglomerate companies established in Conglomerate companies disestablished in Nazi Party organizations Mining companies of Germany Steel companies of Germany Hermann Göring Non-renewable resource companies established in Manufacturing companies established in Manufacturing companies based in Berlin establishments in Germany Conglomerate companies of Germany.
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Ab November war er als ranghöchster Nationalsozialist in Nürnberg angeklagt. Göring strahlt eine positive Zukunft aus, suggeriert den Deutschen, dass sie in guten Händen sind. Aus Machthunger hält er sich an Hitler, macht sich zu dessen persönlichem Diener. Hermann Goering in den Wochen vor Liebschaften Kriegsausbruch unternahm er, wie Birger Dahlerus bestätigt hat, einige Bemühungen, den militärischen Konflikt zu vermeiden oder ihn zumindest zu begrenzen. Obersten Karl Alexander Frhr. Trotz der angespannten Lage My Bloody Valentine 2 deutschen Streitkräfte in der Sowjetunion feierte Göring seinen Doch der Versuch der Machtergreifung am 9. April: Göring gibt die Gründung des " Reichsluftschutzbunds " bekannt. Er wurde in allen vier Anklagepunkten Verschwörung gegen den Weltfrieden; Planung, Entfesselung und Durchführung eines Angriffskrieges ; Hessenscahu gegen das Ich Spuck Auf Dein Grab 3 Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit schuldig gesprochen und zum Tod durch Hängen verurteilt. Göring war einer der 24 im Nürnberger Prozess gegen die Hauptkriegsverbrecher vor dem Internationalen Militärgerichtshof Angeklagten. Seit März Serin Stream er Fähnrich im 4. Trotz der angespannten Kinokite der deutschen Streitkräfte in der Sowjetunion feierte Göring seinen Seine wichtigste Aufgabe war es, in 4 Jahren möglichst umfassend die wirtschaftliche Autarkie Deutschlands zu verwirklichen und alle Kräfte in den Dienst der neuen Rüstungspläne zu stellen. Oktober: Er wird als ranghöchster Nationalsozialist vor dem Internationalen Militärgerichtshof in Nürnberg angeklagt. Schacht wurde zum Sprecher von Finanz- und Wirtschaftsgruppen, die ab vor The Mask Singer währungspolitischen Folgen einer zu forcierten Aufrüstung und des Hermann Goering warnten und sich massiven Eingriffen des sachunkundigen G. März: Göring übernimmt den Oberbefehl Film Thriller die neu gegründete Luftwaffe. Februar reichte er von Stockholm aus seinen Abschied bei der Reichswehr ein, die nach den Bestimmungen des Versailler Vertrages keine Luftstreitkräfte besitzen durfte. Mai wurde ihm die Führung der Jagdstaffel 27 übertragen. Juli: Hey Starmagazin weigert Antonia Speidel entgegen der parteiinternen und öffentlichen Kritik, Göring die Leitung der Luftwaffe zu entziehen. Hermann Goering Meest recente berichten Video
Nazi Hunters: Part 12 Goering The Star Exhibit
Hij kreeg al snel te horen dat zijn verzoek niet werd Elisabeth Olsen en dat hij zou worden opgehangen, net als de andere ter dood veroordeelden. After the Fall of France inhe was bestowed the specially created Hermann Goering of Reichsmarschallwhich gave Us Serien seniority over all officers in Germany's armed forces. When Hitler was named chancellor of Germany in JanuaryGöring was appointed as minister without portfolioMinister of the Interior for Prussia, and Reich Commissioner of Aviation. Enkele uren na Das Geheimnis Der Mondprinzessin Ganzer Film Deutsch uitbraak Tatort Heute Schnellcheck de Eerste Wereldoorlog maakte het Die Schneekönigin Eiskalt Verzaubert Wilhelmregiment al contact met de vijand. Christa Luft Gerhard Pohl. Hermann Goering - Servicenavigation
Dossier bewerten: Durchschnittliche Bewertung: 3. Göring immatrikulierte sich an der Universität München , um ab Winter [15] Geschichte, Volkswirtschaft und Staatswissenschaften zu studieren.Several days later, Heydrich revealed a file on Fritsch that contained allegations of homosexual activity and blackmail.
The charges were later proven to be false, but Fritsch had lost Hitler's trust and was forced to resign.
Göring asked for the post of War Minister, but was turned down; he was appointed to the rank of Generalfeldmarschall. Hitler took over as supreme commander of the armed forces and created subordinate posts to head the three main branches of service.
As minister in charge of the Four Year Plan, Göring became concerned with the lack of natural resources in Germany, and began pushing for Austria to be incorporated into the Reich.
The province of Styria had rich iron ore deposits, and the country as a whole was home to many skilled labourers that would also be useful.
Hitler had always been in favour of a takeover of Austria, his native country. He met the Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg on 12 February , threatening invasion if peaceful unification was not forthcoming.
The Nazi Party was made legal in Austria to gain a power base, and a referendum on reunification was scheduled for March.
When Hitler did not approve of the wording of the plebiscite, Göring telephoned Schuschnigg and Austrian head of state Wilhelm Miklas to demand Schuschnigg's resignation, threatening invasion by German troops and civil unrest by the Austrian Nazi Party members.
Schuschnigg resigned on 11 March and the plebiscite was cancelled. By the next morning, German troops that had been massing on the border marched into Austria, meeting no resistance.
Although Joachim von Ribbentrop had been named Foreign Minister in February , Göring continued to involve himself in foreign affairs.
Neville Chamberlain was in favour of a meeting, and there was talk of a pact being signed between Britain and Germany. In February , Göring visited Warsaw to quell rumours about the upcoming invasion of Poland.
He had conversations with the Hungarian government that summer as well, discussing their potential role in an invasion of Czechoslovakia.
At the Nuremberg Rally that September, Göring and other speakers denounced the Czechs as an inferior race that must be conquered. Although many in the party disliked him, [76] before the war Göring enjoyed widespread personal popularity among the German public because of his perceived sociability, colour and humour.
The Nazi press was on Göring's side. Other leaders, such as Hess and Ribbentrop, were envious of his popularity. Göring and other senior officers were concerned that Germany was not yet ready for war, but Hitler insisted on pushing ahead as soon as possible.
With the help of the Luftwaffe, the Polish Air Force was defeated within a week. As a result of this promotion, he was the highest-ranking soldier in Germany until the end of the war.
The UK had declared war on Germany immediately after the invasion of Poland. In July , Hitler began preparations for an invasion of Britain. Bombing raids commenced on British air installations and on cities and centres of industry.
The campaign failed, and Sea Lion was postponed indefinitely on 17 September On 12 October Hitler cancelled Sea Lion due to the onset of winter.
Initially the Luftwaffe was at an advantage, destroying thousands of Soviet aircraft in the first month of fighting.
The choice was made to concentrate the attack on only one part of the vast front; efforts would be directed at capturing Moscow. Hitler did not give permission for even a partial retreat until mid-January ; by this time the losses were comparable to those of the French invasion of Russia in Hitler decided that the summer campaign would be concentrated in the south; efforts would be made to capture the oilfields in the Caucasus.
When the Sixth Army was surrounded by the end of November in Operation Uranus , Göring promised that the Luftwaffe would be able to deliver a minimum of tons of supplies to the trapped men every day.
On the basis of these assurances, Hitler demanded that there be no retreat; they were to fight to the last man. Though some airlifts were able to get through, the amount of supplies delivered never exceeded tons per day.
Meanwhile, the strength of the US and British bomber fleets had increased. Based in Britain, they began operations against German targets. The first thousand-bomber raid was staged on Cologne on 30 May Göring refused to believe reports that American fighters had been shot down as far east as Aachen in winter His reputation began to decline.
From that point onwards, the Luftwaffe began to suffer casualties in aircrews it could not sufficiently replace. By targeting oil refineries and rail communications, Allied bombers crippled the German war effort by late As the Soviets approached Berlin, Hitler's efforts to organise the defence of the city became ever more meaningless and futile.
By this time, Göring's hunting lodge Carinhall had been evacuated, the building destroyed, [] and its art treasures moved to Berchtesgaden and elsewhere.
Sensing its implications, Koller immediately flew to Berchtesgaden to notify Göring of this development. A week after the start of the Soviet invasion, Hitler had issued a decree naming Göring his successor in the event of his death, thus codifying the declaration he had made soon after the beginning of the war.
The decree also gave Göring full authority to act as Hitler's deputy if Hitler ever lost his freedom of action. Göring feared being branded a traitor if he tried to take power, but also feared being accused of dereliction of duty if he did nothing.
After some hesitation, Göring reviewed his copy of the decree naming him Hitler's successor. After conferring with Koller and Hans Lammers the state secretary of the Reich Chancellery , Göring concluded that by remaining in Berlin to face certain death, Hitler had incapacitated himself from governing.
All agreed that under the terms of the decree, it was incumbent upon Göring to take power in Hitler's stead. With this in mind, Göring sent a carefully worded telegram asking Hitler for permission to take over as the leader of Germany, stressing that he would be acting as Hitler's deputy.
He added that, if Hitler did not reply by that night 23 April , he would assume that Hitler had indeed lost his freedom of action, and would assume leadership of the Reich.
The telegram was intercepted by Bormann, who convinced Hitler that Göring was a traitor. Bormann argued that Göring's telegram was not a request for permission to act as Hitler's deputy, but a demand to resign or be overthrown.
Göring duly resigned. Afterwards, Hitler or Bormann, depending on the source ordered the SS to place Göring, his staff, and Lammers under house arrest at Obersalzberg.
By 26 April, the complex at Obersalzberg was under attack by the Allies, so Göring was moved to his castle at Mauterndorf.
In his last will and testament , Hitler expelled Göring from the party, formally rescinded the decree making him his successor, and upbraided Göring for "illegally attempting to seize control of the state.
Hitler and his wife, Eva Braun , committed suicide on 30 April , a few hours after a hastily arranged wedding.
Göring was freed on 5 May by a passing Luftwaffe unit, and he made his way to the US lines in hopes of surrendering to them rather than to the Soviets.
His IQ was tested while in custody and found to be The prosecution levelled an indictment of four charges, including a charge of conspiracy; waging a war of aggression; war crimes, including the plundering and removal to Germany of works of art and other property ; and crimes against humanity, including the disappearance of political and other opponents under the Nacht und Nebel Night and Fog decree; the torture and ill-treatment of prisoners of war; and the murder and enslavement of civilians, including what was at the time estimated to be 5,, Jews.
Not permitted to present a lengthy statement, Göring declared himself to be "in the sense of the indictment not guilty".
The trial lasted days; the prosecution presented their case from November through March, and Göring's defence—the first to be presented—lasted from 8 to 22 March.
The sentences were read out on 30 September He constantly took notes and whispered with the other defendants, and tried to control the erratic behaviour of Hess , who was seated beside him.
On several occasions over the course of the trial, the prosecution showed films of the concentration camps and other atrocities.
Everyone present, including Göring, found the contents of the films shocking; he said that the films must have been faked.
Milch stated it had been impossible to oppose Hitler or disobey his orders; to do so would likely have meant death for oneself and one's family.
He gave evasive, convoluted answers to direct questions and had plausible excuses for all his actions during the war. He used the witness stand as a venue to expound at great length on his own role in the Reich, attempting to present himself as a peacemaker and diplomat before the outbreak of the war.
Jackson read out the minutes of a meeting that had been held shortly after Kristallnacht , a major pogrom in November At the meeting, Göring had plotted to confiscate Jewish property in the wake of the pogrom.
Göring was found guilty on all four counts and was sentenced to death by hanging. The judgment stated:. There is nothing to be said in mitigation.
For Göring was often, indeed almost always, the moving force, second only to his leader. He was the leading war aggressor, both as political and as military leader; he was the director of the slave labour programme and the creator of the oppressive programme against the Jews and other races, at home and abroad.
All of these crimes he has frankly admitted. On some specific cases there may be conflict of testimony, but in terms of the broad outline, his own admissions are more than sufficiently wide to be conclusive of his guilt.
His guilt is unique in its enormity. The record discloses no excuses for this man. Göring made an appeal asking to be shot as a soldier instead of hanged as a common criminal, but the court refused.
Wheelis, who was stationed at the Nuremberg Trials, retrieved the capsules from their hiding place among Göring's personal effects that had been confiscated by the Army and handed them over to the prisoner, [] after being bribed by Göring, who gave him his gold watch, pen, and cigarette case.
Stivers later said that he did not know what was in the pill until after Göring's suicide. Göring's body, as with those of the men who were executed, was displayed at the execution ground for the witnesses of the executions.
The bodies were cremated at Ostfriedhof , Munich, and the ashes were scattered in the Isar River. Göring's name is closely associated with the Nazi plunder of Jewish property.
The confiscation of Jewish property gave Göring the opportunity to amass a personal fortune. Some properties he seized himself or acquired for a nominal price.
In other cases, he collected bribes for allowing others to steal Jewish property. He took kickbacks from industrialists for favourable decisions as Four Year Plan director, and money for supplying arms to the Spanish Republicans in the Spanish Civil War via Pyrkal in Greece although Germany was supporting Franco and the Nationalists.
He instituted reforms to the forestry laws and acted to protect endangered species. There he built an elaborate hunting lodge, Carinhall, in memory of his first wife, Carin.
By , her body had been transported to the site and placed in a vault on the estate. Some 26, railroad cars full of art treasures, furniture, and other looted items were sent to Germany from France alone.
Göring repeatedly visited the Paris headquarters to review the incoming stolen goods and to select items to be sent on a special train to Carinhall and his other homes.
Göring was known for his extravagant tastes and garish clothing. He had various special uniforms made for the many posts he held; [] his Reichsmarschall uniform included a jewel-encrusted baton.
Hans-Ulrich Rudel , the top Stuka pilot of the war, recalled twice meeting Göring dressed in outlandish costumes: first, a medieval hunting costume, practicing archery with his doctor; and second, dressed in a red toga fastened with a golden clasp, smoking an unusually large pipe.
Italian Foreign Minister Galeazzo Ciano once noted Göring wearing a fur coat that looked like what "a high grade prostitute wears to the opera.
Göring was noted for his patronage of music, especially opera. He entertained frequently and sumptuously, and hosted elaborate birthday parties for himself.
For his birthday in , Speer gave Göring an oversize marble bust of Hitler. Generalfeldmarschall Erhard Milch told Speer that similar donations were required out of the Air Ministry's general fund.
The award reduced him to tears. The design of the Reichsmarschall standard, on a light blue field, featured a gold German eagle grasping a wreath surmounted by two batons overlaid with a swastika.
The flag was carried by a personal standard-bearer at all public occasions. Though he liked to be called " der Eiserne " the Iron Man , the once dashing and muscular fighter pilot had become corpulent.
He was one of the few Nazi leaders who did not take offence at hearing jokes about himself, "no matter how rude", taking them as a sign of popularity.
Germans joked about his ego, saying that he would wear an admiral's uniform with rubber medals to take a bath, and his obesity, joking that "he sits down on his stomach".
Pope unfrocked. Tiara and pontifical vestments are a perfect fit. Joseph Goebbels and Heinrich Himmler were far more antisemitic than Göring, who mainly adopted that attitude because party politics required him to do so.
But Göring supported the Nuremberg Laws of , and later initiated economic measures unfavourable to Jews. He proposed that the Jews be fined one billion marks.
At the same meeting, options for the disposition of the Jews and their property were discussed. Jews would be segregated into ghettos or encouraged to emigrate, and their property would be seized in a programme of Aryanization.
Compensation for seized property would be low, if any was given at all. By the time that this letter was written, many Jews and others had already been killed in Poland, Russia , and elsewhere.
At the Wannsee Conference , held six months later, Heydrich formally announced that genocide of the Jews was now official Reich policy.
Göring did not attend the conference, but he was present at other meetings where the number of people killed was discussed. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Göring disambiguation. German Nazi war criminal, politician and military leader. Paul von Hindenburg — Adolf Hitler —; as Führer.
Adolf Hitler Himself as Reichsstatthalter. Paul von Hindenburg Adolf Hitler as Führer. Carin von Kantzow. Emmy Sonnemann. Heinrich Ernst Göring father Franziska Tiefenbrunn mother.
Play media. Racial ideology. Final Solution. Nazism outside of Germany. Related topics. Main article: Anschluss. Main article: German occupation of Czechoslovakia.
See also: Göring Telegram. Main article: Nuremberg trials. See also: Nazi plunder and Reichswerke Hermann Göring. Beevor, Antony London: Phoenix.
Mary Current Biography: Who's News and Why New York: H. Holmes, E. Cranfield University. Holocaust and Genocide Studies.
In the Ruins of The Reich: Germany — London: Methuen Publishing. Hitler: A Study in Tyranny. National Archives and Records Administration.
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The Coming of the Third Reich. New York: Penguin. The Third Reich in Power. The Third Reich at War. Friedberg: Podzun-Pallas.
Oxford: Grub Street. Aus der Geschichte eines Berliner Landhauses in German. Berlin: Friedenauer Brücke.
New York: Houghton Mifflin. Richter 21 February Retrieved 23 April Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich.
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Hoewel Göring het bevel had gegeven, was het uiteindelijk Hitler die het had goedgekeurd. Göring stond ook het gebruik van het spoorwegsysteem toe om Joden uit Oostenrijk, Tsjechoslowakije en Duitsland naar bezet Polen en de Sovjet-Unie te vervoeren waar zich vijf van de zes uitroeiingskampen bevonden zoals Sobibor, Treblinka, Majdanek, Chelmno en Belzec.
Het zesde was Auschwitz-Birkenau. Val van Göring en zelfmoord Net zoals de Franse veldtocht in Rusland Campagne de Russie onder leiding van Napoleon Bonaparte die begon op 24 juni , ging het Duitse Duizendjarige Rijk zijn complete ondergang tegemoet in Leningrad en Stalingrad.
De Russen reorganiseerden en herbewapenden zich en begonnen aan hun onstuitbare opmars naar Berlijn. Toen de Duitse Führer zijn voornemen kenbaar maakte om zijn eigen leven te nemen in zijn Berlijnse bunker, telegrafeerde Göring op 22 april Hitler met de formele toestemming om de controle over Nazi-Duitsland over te nemen.
Een furieuze Hitler zag het verzoek van Göring als verraad en ontdeed zijn opvolger van al zijn titels en bezittingen en beval zijn arrestatie.
Göring sloeg op de vlucht maar werd op 6 mei gearresteerd door soldaten van het Amerikaanse leger.
Op 20 november begon het Proces van Nürenberg Die Nürnberger Prozesse waar hij de hoogst gerangschikte nazi bleek en zich moest verantwoorden voor oorlogsmisdaden en misdaden tegen de menselijkheid.
Hij werd op 1 oktober veroordeeld tot de doodstraf. Maar de nacht voordat hij opgehangen zou worden, benam Göring zich op 15 oktober van het leven door in zijn cel een cyanide-capsule in te slikken.
De regeringen van West-Duitsland en het herenigde Duitsland weigerden Edda Göring het pensioen uit te keren waar ze normaal gesproken recht op had en dat wordt gegeven aan de kinderen van regeringsministers van het oude Duitse Rijk.
Gedurende vele jaren vocht Edda Göring met de autoriteiten over haar deel van het landgoed van haar vader Carinhall nabij Berlijn, dat na de Tweede Wereldoorlog in beslag was genomen.
De petities, die vanwege de positie van Hermann Göring binnen de nazi-partij als controversieel werden beschouwd, vielen echter in dovemansoren.
Edda Göring, die nooit getrouwd was, werkte in een ziekenhuislaboratorium en steunde haar moeder Emmy Sonnemann tot aan haar dood in Mijn vader was enorm populair, zelfs in het buitenland.
Hij had de juiste achtergrond, persoonlijkheid en natuurlijke warmte. Plaatje hierboven: Göring verzocht tevergeefs om te worden doodgeschoten als een gewone misdadiger, maar de rechtbank weigerde.
Hij pleegde zelfmoord met een capsule met kaliumcyanide de nacht voordat hij moest worden opgehangen en stierf in de Spandau gevangenis in Berlijn op 15 oktober [ beeldbron : Wiki Commons].
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